Folk clothing, which makes them readily identifiable at first glance, is distinguished by its elaborate decorative expression, precise ornaments, specific decorative techniques, and colours.The ornamental decoration of čilejkár women’s clothing is predominantly based on natural patterns and symbols inspired by nature. A common motif is the stylised shape of a grape bunch or grape leaf, reflecting the region’s strong tradition of viticulture and high-quality wine production. Other frequent motifs include clover leaves, “piking roses,” forget-me-nots, tulips, and various other plant-based designs, with geometric patterns appearing more rarely.
The most distinctive and currently most developed technique in decorative expression is vyšťepovanô (machine embroidery), which is created from the reverse side through paper, following a pre-drawn pattern. Another technique is sticking, which involves punching or cutting out shapes (such as circles, leaves, or hearts) from starched plush or velvet and gluing them into specific patterns. These glued designs are further embellished with embroidery, beadwork, or sequins.
In the past, embroidery was passed down continuously within families, typically to the most skilled women. The peak of decorative embroidery on čilejkár women’s clothing occurred after World War II, when many tailors and embroiderers, known as švajľeni, were active in the villages. Even today, the generational transfer of these skills is evident, and interest in embroidery remains strong among the ethnographic group of čilejkárs and people outside of it.
The decoration of čilejkár women’s clothing is a key identifying feature for the local community. It strengthens the sense of belonging and connection to one’s community – an ethnographic group.
